
But to see this painting only in abstract terms is to miss its deeper resonance. The Vladimirka Road was the route by which exiles and convicts were marched to Siberia.
The title suggests the human suffering without showing it directly. The road is empty, except for a distant figure praying at a roadside shrine.
Levitan said he hoped “to discover in the simplest and most everyday things the intimate, deeply moving characteristics that invoke a mood of melancholy. The spectators should be touched to the very depth of their souls.”
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More about the painting and Levitan's own exile.
Wikipedia on Levitan